初三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)比被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)直接而有力，多用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，可以使文章充滿朝氣，呈現(xiàn)活力。在下列兩組句子中， (b)比(a)有力：

(1) a.My first visit to New Zealand will always be remembered by me.

b. I will always remember my first visit to New Zealand.

(2) a.The crowing of cocks could be heard at dawn.

b. The cocks' crow came with dawn.

雖然如此，在某些情況下，非用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不可。前此已提過(guò)這事，這里不再重述。這里只有指出其中一點(diǎn)，就是有些動(dòng)詞，如 "base, schedule, expect, suppose" 等，通常以被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式出現(xiàn)。

例如：

(1)This survey was based on facts.

(2)The last train is scheduled to leave at 9pm.

(3)You are expected to come on time.

(4)All are supposed to work hard.

除了上述這些動(dòng)詞之外，還有十種，幾乎都以被動(dòng)式出現(xiàn)。

(一)有關(guān)“疾病”的動(dòng)詞，如：

(1)Helen's left lung is infected.

(2)He is confined to the house by illness.

(3)The old man was seized with sudden chest pains.

(二)有關(guān)“疲乏”的動(dòng)詞，如：

(4) I am completely exhausted after the game.

(5)Tom was done up after the race.

(三)有關(guān)“喜樂(lè)”的動(dòng)詞，如：

(6)The children were fascinated by the toys.

(7)We were delighted to hear the good news.

(8) I am very pleased to see you here.

(四)有關(guān)“延遲”或“障礙”的動(dòng)詞，如：

(9)The workers were held up by the heavy rain.

(10)The road was blocked by ice.

(11)The train was delayed by 30 minutes.

(五)有關(guān)“慣性動(dòng)作”的動(dòng)詞，如：

(12)Tom is addicted to smoking.

(13)Foreign workers are quite used to hard work.

(六)有關(guān)“煩惱”或“焦急”的動(dòng)詞，如：

(14)Who was upset by John?

(15)Mother was annoyed to know this.

(七)有關(guān)“驚奇”或“震驚”的動(dòng)詞，如：

(16) I was surprised to see him here.

(17)All were shocked to hear the bad news.

(八)有關(guān)“包圍”的動(dòng)詞，如：

(18)The troops were surrounded.

(19)Troy was besieged.

(九)有關(guān)“沾污”或“污化”的動(dòng)詞，如：

(20)Judy's reputation is tarnished.

(21)The water was contaminated with oil.

(十)有關(guān)“害怕”或“混亂”的動(dòng)詞，如：

(22)All were frightened out of their wits.

(23)He was puzzled about what to do next.

要注意的一點(diǎn)是，上面這十類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有些已漸漸失去了動(dòng)詞力量，轉(zhuǎn)化為慣用語(yǔ)。

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